In this context, bounded model checking has been successfully applied to discover subtle errors, but for larger applications, it often suffers from the state space explosion problem. Scalable and accurate smtbased model checking of data flow systems grant no. Smtbased bounded model checking for embedded ansic software by lucas cordeiro, bernd fischer, joao marquessilva in proc. This is partly explained by the lack of scalability of automated verification methods even with the most advanced model checking techniques, and partly by the. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Today, hyperthreading and multicore hardware have become ubiquitous, putting us at a fundamental turning point in software development. Examples of theories typically used in computer science are the theory of real numbers, the theory of integers, and the theories of various data. Symbolic software model checking, discussed in section 1.
The reliability of the embedded distributed software is thus a key issue in the system development. Second, we demonstrate that the new approach improves the performance of software model checking. Several of the most widely used approaches for software model checking are based on solving firstorderlogic. To the best of our knowledge, there is no work that considers a complete smt based bmc formulation to verify realworld embedded software in multicore systems using a set of underapproximations and widening models as well as the integration of partial order reduction. In particular, the course will cover topics such as model checking, boolean satisfiability sat solving and satisfiability modulo theories smt. These limitations can be overcome by encoding highlevel information in theories richer than.
Another method proposed is a smtbased bounded model checking pro. Recently, the notion of an array based system has been introduced as an abstraction of infinite state systems such as mutual exclusion protocols or sorting programs which allows for model checking of invariant safety and recurrence liveness properties by satisfiability modulo theories smt techniques. Verifying cuda programs using smtbased contextbounded model. Ase, 2009 propositional bounded model checking has been applied successfully to verify embedded software but is limited by the increasing propositional formula size and the loss of structure during the translation. Software or hardware systems can be often represented as a state transition. In particular, we explicitly explore the possible interleavings up to the given context bound, while we treat each interleaving. An experimental comparison of four algorithms dirkbeyerandmatthiasdangl universityofpassau,germany abstract. We present and compare the following different schools of thought of software veri. We have extended the encodings from previous smtbased bounded model checkers.
Recent work propose the use of dpllbased smt solvers, modified into enumerators. Propositional bounded model checking has been applied successfully to verify embedded software but is limited by the increasing propositional formula size and the loss of structure during the translation. It is a new algorithmic framework for smt based software model checking using proofs and counterexamples. Recently, the notion of an arraybased system has been introduced as an abstraction of infinite state systems such as mutual exclusion protocols or sorting programs which allows for model checking of invariant safety and recurrence liveness properties by.
It is a new algorithmic framework for smtbased software model checking using proofs and counterexamples. Smtbased bounded model checking for multithreaded software in embedded systems supervisor. Lucas cordeiro, smtbased bounded model checking for multithreaded software in embedded systems, proceedings of the 32nd acmieee international conference on software engineering, may 0108, 2010, cape town, south africa. Recent work propose the use of dpll based smt solvers, modified into enumerators. In this paper, we describe and develop an approach to check osekvdx applications using smt based bounded model checking. Propositional bounded model checking has been applied successfully to verify embedded software but remains limited by increasing propositional formula sizes and the loss of highlevel information during the translation preventing potential optimizations to reduce the state space to be explored. Although some invaluable formal methods have been proposed to check actual software, these methods cannot be directly employed to check osekvdx applications. In this thesis we describe and evaluate an approach to reason accurately and effectively about large embedded software using bounded model checking bmc based on satisfiability modulo theories smt techniques. The complexity of software in embedded systems has increased significantly over the last years so that software verification now plays an important role in ensuring the overall product quality. Clarke carnegie mellon university, pittsburgh, pa, usa abstract. Unlike other smt based approaches, it maintains both overand underapproximations of procedure summaries. Software or hardware systems can be often represented as a state transition system m s,i,t,l where s is a set of states i.
Smtbased bounded model checking for multithreaded software in embedded systems. Model checking software or hardware systems can be often represented as a state transition system m s,i,t,l m can be seen as a modelboth 1. Automatic abstraction in smtbased unbounded software model checking. In computer science and mathematical logic, the satisfiability modulo theories smt problem is a decision problem for logical formulas with respect to combinations of background theories expressed in classical firstorder logic with equality. These limitations can be reduced by encoding wordlevel information in theories richer than propositional logic and using smt solvers for the generated verification conditions. Spacer stands for software proofbased abstraction with counterexamplebased refinement. Despite recent advances in automatic software verification based on various flavors of model checking, most software developers still rely on manual testing and interactive debugging. We present an smt based symbolic model checking algorithm for safety veri. Lazy theorem proving for bounded model checking over infinite. Smtbased model checking for recursive programs seahorn. Continuous verification of large embedded software using. This technique has been successfully applied in the realm of software. We present an incremental and parallel model checking architecture to verify safety properties of synchronous systems. Smt solvers and combine different theories and solvers, based on an analysis of the syntactic structure of a given ansic program.
Modeling computational systems software or hardware systems can be often represented as a statetransitionsystem m s,i,t,l where. Scalable and accurate smt based model checking of data flow systems grant no. Abstraction in smtbased unbounded software model checking. Fa95500910517 final performance report 1 introduction the overall objective of this collaborative project between the university of iowa and new york. The first step in software model checking is to approximate the input program by a program model where the program op erations are terms in a firstorder theory. We discuss uses of smt solvers for scalable static analysis in. Model checking software or hardware systems can be often represented as a state transition system, or model, m s,i,t,l m is a model both in 1. We present an smt based symbolic model checking algorithm for safety verification of recursive programs. Incremental smtbased model checking of synchronous. Lucas cordeiro, smt based bounded model checking for multithreaded software in embedded systems, proceedings of the 32nd acmieee international conference on software engineering, may 0108, 2010, cape town, south africa. Typically, for embedded programs that require a high degree of reliability, dynamic memory allocationsand recursion are discouraged. Smtbased model checking techniques blur the line between traditional model. Formal verification is paramount in the development of highassurance software. Smtbased model checking cesaretinelli theuniversityofiowa 4th nasa formal methods symposium, april 2012 p.
Unlike other smtbased approaches, it maintains both overand underapproximations of procedure summaries. S 2 pr is a labeling function where pr is a set of base predicates in some logic. This talk provides an overview of our current research on smtbased model checking. Slam, blast, verification of device drivers popular approach. In the scope of verifying nondeterministic scheduler based cooperative software with model checking, trauksen et al. However, the method is not scalable for the complex programs, because too many details of the systemc scheduler model are poured into the model. Smtbased bounded model checking for embedded ansic. Software model checking is a successful technique for automated program verification.
These techniques have become essential tools for the design and analysis of hardware, software, and cyberphysical systems. A comparison of satbased and smtbased bounded model. It provides a rich api for constructing, simulating, and verify circuits. Citeseerx smtbased symbolic model checking for multi. Smtbased bounded model checking for embedded ansic software. Continuous verification of large embedded software using smt. A unifying view on smtbased software verification software and. Spacer stands for software proof based abstraction with counterexample based refinement.
Smt based bounded model checking for multithreaded software in embedded systems supervisor. Smtbased bounded model checking for multithreaded software. Smt based bounded model checking for embedded ansic software by lucas cordeiro, bernd fischer, joao marquessilva in proc. Automatic abstraction in smtbased unbounded software model. Model checking techniques for sequential software combine a high degree of automation and the ability to provide conclusive answers, even for infinite state systems. Unfortunately, the translation of the problem into a purely sequential software model checking problem turns out to be highly inefficient for the available technologies. Apr 27, 2012 this talk provides an overview of our current research on smtbased model checking. Propositional bounded model checking has been applied successfully to verify embedded software, but remains limited by increasing propositional formula sizes and the loss of highlevel information during the translation preventing potential optimizations to reduce the state. The algorithm is modular and analyzes procedures individually. Software model checkers based on underapproximations and smt solvers are very successful at verifying safety i. Smtbased bounded model checking of fixedpoint digital. The smtbased bounded model checking is quite new technique.
Propositional bounded model checking has been applied successfully to verify embedded software, but remains limited by increasing propositional formula sizes and the loss of highlevel information during the translation preventing potential optimizations to reduce the state space to be explored. On the other side, the scheduling policy is often important for correctness, and an approach based on abstracting the scheduler may result in loss of precision and false positives. First, we provide details of an accurate translation from ansic programs into quanti. Keywordssoftware engineering, formal methods, verification, model checking. Incremental smtbased model checking of synchronous systems.
Verifying cuda programs using smtbased contextbounded. Underapproximations are used to analyze procedure calls without inlining. Smtbased bounded model checking for embedded ansic software abstract. A key paradigm for scalable software model checking is counterexample guided abstraction refinement cegar 1. This is even more serious for software verification than for hardware.
Lazy theorem proving for bounded model checking over. To the best of our knowledge, there is no work that considers a complete smtbased bmc formulation to verify realworld embedded software in multicore systems using a set of underapproximations and widening models as well as the integration of partial order reduction. Smtbased bounded model checking of fixedpoint digital controllers iury bessa, renato abreu, joao edgar filho, and lucas cordeiro electronic and information research center, federal university of amazonas, brazil. Automatic abstraction in smtbased unbounded software.
The architecture, implemented in the lustre model checker kind, relies on smt solvers as its main inference engines. Index termssoftware engineering, formal methods, verification, model checking. We present an smtbased symbolic model checking algorithm for safety verification of recursive programs. It is designed to minimize synchronization delays between. Second, we demonstrate that the new approach improves the performance of software model checking for a wide range of embedded software. We present an smtbased symbolic model checking algorithm for safety veri. In this paper, we describe and develop an approach to check osekvdx applications using smtbased bounded model checking. Pdf smtbased bounded model checking for multithreaded. Experimental comparison of four algorithms matthias dangl jointworkwithdirkbeyer university of passau, germany.
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